弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特:建筑美国之人

  • Jonathan Adams
  • 120分钟
  • <p>  Frank Lloyd Wright is Ame…<p>  Frank Lloyd Wright is America's greatest-ever architect. However, few people know about the Welsh roots that shaped his life and world-famous buildings. Now, leading Welsh architect Jonathan Adams sets off across America to explore Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpieces for himself. Along the way, he uncovers the tempestuous life story of the man behind them and the significance of his radical family background.<br/>  In a career spanning seven decades, Frank Lloyd Wright built over 500 buildings, and changed the face of modern architecture: Fallingwater, the house over the waterfall, has been called the greatest house of the 20th century the spiralling Guggenheim Museum in New York reinvented the art museum the concrete Unity Temple was the first truly modern building in the world. But the underlying philosophy that links all Wright's buildings is as important as anything he built.<br/>  Those ideas were rooted in the Unitarian religion of Frank Lloyd Wright's mother. Anna Lloyd Jones was born and raised near Llandysul in west Wales and migrated to America with her family in 1844, most likely to escape religious persecution. Her son, Frank, was raised in a Unitarian community in Wisconsin, a small piece of Wales in America. The values he absorbed there were based on the sanctity of nature, the importance of hard work, and the need to question convention and defy it where necessary. Wright's architecture was shaped by, and expressed, these beliefs.<br/>  Frank Lloyd Wright set out to create a new American architecture for a new country. He built his own lifelong home in the valley he was raised in, and he named it after an ancient Welsh bard called Taliesin. It was the scene of many adventures - and a horrific crime. In 1914, a servant at Taliesin ran amok and killed seven people including Wright's partner, Mamah Cheney, and her two young children.<br/>  Wright rebuilt his home and went on to marry a Montenegrin woman, Olgivanna Milanoff, some 30 years younger than him. It was Olgivanna who struck upon the idea that saved Wright's career after the Wall Street Crash and personal scandal laid it low. She decided that her husband should take on apprentices and that the apprentices should pay for the privilege. The Taliesin Fellowship had a hands-on approach, with apprentices often building extensions to Wright's own houses, labouring and cooking for him. Somehow it worked, lasting for decades and nurturing hundreds of young talents.<br/>  Frank Lloyd Wright died in 1959 aged 91 while working on his final masterpiece, New York's incomparable Guggenheim Museum. He had been born in the wake of the American civil war, the son of a pioneer, and died a television celebrity, in the space age. He is buried in the shadow of Taliesin, alongside his Welsh ancestors.<br/>  A 150 years after his birth, Jonathan Adams argues that Frank Lloyd Wright is now a vitally important figure who can teach us how to build for a better world. Wright believed in what he called organic architecture buildings that grace the landscape, express an idea of how to live and respond to individual needs. This bespoke approach - a philosophy, not a style - puts him at the heart of modern architectural thinking.</p>
剧情简介
影片影评
经典台词
人物角色
《弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特:建筑美国之人》由Ian、Michael、Jones执导,2017年上映的纪录片,以史诗般的叙事视角,完整梳理了美国建筑大师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特(Frank Lloyd Wright)波澜壮阔的一生。影片将19世纪末至20世纪中期的美国社会变迁与赖特的职业生涯紧密交织:从威斯康星州乡村少年对自然的痴迷,到师从芝加哥学派领袖路易斯·沙利文时“形式追随功能”的启蒙,再到自立门户后“有机建筑”理念的形成,赖特用一生诠释了建筑与土地、生命与艺术的共生关系。纪录片以大量未公开影像资料(包括赖特1900年代工作手稿、塔里埃森建筑火灾后的修复影像)、学界访谈(普利兹克奖得主、建筑史学家)及家人口述为核心,串联起他人生的高光与低谷:流水别墅(Fallingwater)如何在“与自然对话”中成为现代建筑标杆,古根海姆博物馆螺旋结构背后的“动态空间”实验,以及他因火灾烧毁塔里埃森、子女自杀、与雇主纠纷等争议事件所承受的精神煎熬。通过建筑镜头的诗意呈现(如罗宾别墅的水平延伸线条、西塔里埃森的草原风),影片不仅展现了赖特的设计天才,更揭示其作品如何折射美国从农业文明向工业社会转型期的文化焦虑与对“民主建筑”的追求——正如赖特所言:“建筑是美国的灵魂,它必须扎根土地,也必须拥抱未来。”
《弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特:建筑美国之人》是一部兼具学术深度与视觉美感的传记纪录片。从剧本角度看,导演Ian Michael Jones采用了非线性的叙事结构,以赖特职业生涯中的关键转折点为节点,穿插对其童年、教育、情感生活的追溯,避免了传统传记片平铺直叙的乏味。剧本巧妙地将建筑美学融入人物命运,例如在介绍流水别墅时,不仅讲解悬挑结构的创新,更揭示其与客户考夫曼之间的信任与博弈,让冰冷的建筑有了人性的温度。在演技方面,虽然本片主要依赖历史档案和专家访谈,但旁白者(由导演本人担任)的语调沉稳而富有代入感,仿佛一位睿智的向导;片中穿插的戏剧化重现场景(如赖特与梅玛私奔的片段)中,扮演赖特的演员虽戏份不多,但精准捕捉了其倨傲又脆弱的神态,尤其在火灾后的绝望表现令人动容。从历史价值角度,影片不仅梳理了赖特毕生作品,更将其置于美国社会变革的大背景下:从芝加哥学派到现代主义运动,从经济大萧条到战后住宅需求,赖特的设计思想始终与时代共振。影片特别点明了赖特对日本文化的借鉴(如帝国饭店抗震设计)及其对后世建筑师如贝聿铭、安藤忠雄的深远影响。此外,片中对塔里埃森生态社区、广亩城市等不为人知的理想项目的剖析,纠正了大众仅关注其知名作品的片面印象。美中不足的是,影片对赖特种族主义倾向(如反对非白人客户购买其设计的住宅)着墨较少,略嫌美化了这位天才的缺陷。但总体而言,这部纪录片凭借严谨的史料、精美的画面和富于启发性的叙述,是理解赖特及其建筑哲学的绝佳入门作品。
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建筑应该是自然的,要成为自然的一部分。就像一棵树从大地中长出,建筑也应如此。
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我不是在建造房屋,而是在创造生活空间。每一座建筑都是一次新的冒险。
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1914年那场大火烧毁了我的工作室,也烧掉了我最宝贵的作品,但我知道,毁灭之后必有重建。
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赖特先生,您认为建筑的本质是什么?——建筑的本质是抓住时代的精神,并把它凝固在石头和玻璃中。
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流水别墅不是一座房子,它是一首对自然的诗歌。瀑布的声响就是它的音乐。
弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特
🎭演员:(历史档案影像/重现场景演员:Chris H.)
赖特是本片绝对核心,纪录片通过大量历史照片、影片及信件朗读,立体呈现其复杂性格。他既是才华横溢的建筑大师,也是自我中心的偏执狂;既是自然崇拜的诗人,也是商业操作的现实主义者。片中对其童年农场生活与父亲失败的印迹的刻画,解释了其一生对稳定与控制的渴望。在建筑方面,强调他打破传统盒子式空间的创新,以及将建筑融入环境的超前理念。同时,影片未回避其道德瑕疵——对家庭责任的漠视、与客户争执中的强硬,使这个角色既令人敬佩也令人叹息。
奥尔吉瓦·拉佐维奇(第三任妻子)
🎭演员:(历史影像/演员:Anna K.)
奥尔吉瓦是赖特晚年的重要伴侣与事业助手。影片揭示了她从一位舞蹈家转变为赖特灵感缪斯与商业管理者的过程。她以强硬手段处理赖特的事务,包括在塔里埃森重建中发挥关键作用,但也因此与赖特的学生们产生矛盾。纪录片通过她的视角展现了赖特脆弱的一面,例如在大萧条时期她坚定的支持。她的存在平衡了赖特的狂放,是理解其后期作品(如古根海姆博物馆)情感背景的关键人物。
旁白/导演
🎭演员:Ian Michael Jones
作为叙述者,导演亲自担任旁白,以沉稳而富有节奏的英式英语贯穿全片,既提供了客观的历史背景,又融入个人理解。旁白的语调在描述灾难时低沉,在表达建筑之美时高昂,有效引导观众情绪。同时,他是全片的组织者,通过提问与专家对话推动叙事,起到类似‘纪录片主持人’的作用,使复杂建筑术语变得通俗易懂。

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