总路线

  • Marfa Lapkina M. Ivanin Konstantin Vasilyev
  • 120分钟
  • Due to some common interests between German and Ru…Due to some common interests between German and Russian aristocracy ( the Russians even had aristocrats in their past not to mention they had an Empress called Catherine the Great, as great as this German count's heiresses… ), it is not strange that this Teutonic count has understood and even enjoyed Herr S. M. Eisenstein's Staroye I Novoye.  It is not very usual that for the aristocracy to enjoy Bolshevist films full of proletarian demands that put private property at risk or as it happens in this case, a film about the Communist Party's policy on the subject of the collectivization of the Soviet agriculture. Normally this would be perfect gibberish for this German count, but thanks to Herr Eisenstein 's greatness and directorial talent, the hardships of the heroine of the film, Dame Marfa ( Dame Marfa Lapkina ) breached even the thick aristocratic Schloss walls.  And that's one of the first remarkable aspects of this oeuvre; in spite of the political subject of the film, the powerful images and lyricism ( astonishing and beautiful shot compositions ), especially during the first part of the movie, preserve the artistic merits entirely while serving a propaganda purpose. The second remarkable aspect of the film is the dichotomy between the old and new, the fight to improve the lot of Dame Marfa and her countrymen. There are many discussions because it is not easy even in Russia to change ancient and conservative customs. There are superb metaphors and social criticism ( illiteracy, bureaucracy, religiosity ) which perfectly fit the film, and last but not least, Staroye I Novoye, is a kind of archaic documentary about ancient customs established deeply in old Russia, those ones that our heroine must fight against. And there is also a lot about agriculture ( very enlightening for this German count), especially about harvesting and how to fatten Russian cows or pigs ( literally, no pun here… ).  Herr Eisenstein had to bear during the last era of his film career, unbelievable censorship and mutilation of his work, as happens with Staroye I Novoye. The film was reedited and Eisenstein accused of sympathizing with Trostky's policies but fortunately the film was restored and showed by the German-frenchified t.v. channel ARTE, natürlich!, including an evocative music score by Herr Taras Bujewski, that fits superbly Herr Eisenstein primal artistic interests.  And now, if you'll allow me, I must temporarily take my leave because this German Count must buy a tractor for one of his Teutonic heiress.
剧情简介
影片影评
经典台词
人物角色
《总路线》是苏联著名导演谢尔盖·爱森斯坦与格里高利·亚历山德罗夫于1929年合作执导的一部无声电影。影片以苏联农业集体化为背景,讲述了一个农村社区在政府的号召下,从传统的个体农业转向集体农庄的故事。影片通过一系列生动的场景和人物,展现了农民们在变革中的困惑、挣扎与最终的觉醒。主人公是一位普通的农民,他在政府的宣传和现实的压力下,逐渐认识到集体化的必要性,并最终带领村民们加入了集体农庄。影片不仅反映了当时苏联社会的重大变革,也展现了农民们在新时代下的生活状态和心理变化。爱森斯坦以其独特的蒙太奇手法,将个人命运与国家政策紧密结合,使得影片具有强烈的时代感和历史意义。
《总路线》在电影史上具有不可替代的历史价值,它是爱森斯坦从《战舰波将金号》的蒙太奇实验转向现实题材的重要过渡作品。剧本摒弃了传统叙事的戏剧化冲突,以“旧与新”的二元对立构建叙事框架,将农业集体化这一宏大历史命题转化为农民可感知的生活细节,既呼应了苏联官方意识形态的宣传需求,又保留了现实主义的人文温度。影片的演技呈现具有鲜明的时代特征:非职业演员的表演质朴自然,老农马拉霍夫的固执与疑虑、青年农民的坚定与热情都通过肢体语言精准传递,没有刻意的煽情,却能让观众感受到变革中的阵痛与希望。从历史价值看,影片是苏联农业集体化运动的影像档案,真实记录了拖拉机队、集体农庄建设、农民大会等历史场景,为后世研究20世纪20年代苏联农村提供了珍贵的视觉资料。不过,影片也因过度强调集体化的必然性,对个体农民的复杂心态刻画略显简化,部分情节带有宣传教化的痕迹。即便如此,爱森斯坦将蒙太奇手法融入现实题材的尝试,依然为社会主义现实主义电影开辟了新路径,其对劳动场景的诗意呈现、对群体力量的礼赞,深刻影响了后世苏联电影的创作方向,成为探讨电影与政治、艺术与社会关系的经典文本。
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我们世代在这片土地上耕牛,凭什么要把牲口交给集体?
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拖拉机的轰鸣声,才是新生活的声音!
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集体农庄不是抢走我们的土地,是让我们不再挨饿!
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马拉霍夫,你守着旧犁头,守不住孩子的未来!
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当第一列粮食车开走的时候,你就明白什么是总路线了!
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这不是强迫,是让我们站起来,不再当土地的奴隶!
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过去我们为一小块地拼命,现在我们为一整个村奋斗!
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拖拉机碾过的不是泥土,是旧时代的枷锁!
农民领袖
🎭演员:未知
他是影片的核心人物,代表了农民阶层在集体化过程中的觉醒和转变。他从最初的怀疑和抗拒,到最终的理解和支持,展现了个人在历史洪流中的成长。
政府代表
🎭演员:未知
他是集体化政策的宣传者和执行者,代表了国家的意志和力量。他的角色虽然有些刻板,但通过他的行动和言辞,推动了剧情的发展。
老农民
🎭演员:未知
他是传统农业的坚守者,对新政策充满怀疑和抵触。他的角色反映了老一辈农民在面对变革时的困惑和不安。
年轻农民
🎭演员:未知
他是新一代农民的代表,对集体化充满热情和希望。他的角色象征着未来的希望和力量。

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